After years of brutal fighting over the Scania region, Sweden and Denmark ended the Scanian War with the Treaty of Lund. The peace restored prewar borders and was cemented by the marriage of Danish princess Ulrika Eleonora to Sweden's King Charles XI, transforming bitter rivals into temporary allies against France's rising influence in northern Europe.

Air force technicians and cadets at Doshan Tappeh base in Tehran rose up in support of the returning Ayatollah Khomeini, clashing with the Shah's elite Imperial Guard. The mutiny, joined by armed civilians and revolutionary guerrillas, marked the moment the military's loyalty visibly cracked, accelerating the collapse of the Pahlavi monarchy just days later.