Empress Elizabeth of Russia signed the decree establishing Moscow University, Russia's first, on the name day of its patron Mikhail Lomonosov's petition.

This slot intentionally reserved—removed for accuracy.

Archduchess Maria Antonia of Austria was born in Vienna, the future queen of France whose reign would end at the guillotine during the Revolution.

A massive earthquake, estimated near magnitude 8.5, struck Lisbon on All Saints' Day, killing tens of thousands and igniting fires and a tsunami.

Archduchess Maria Antonia of Austria, later Marie Antoinette, Queen of France, was born in Vienna to Empress Maria Theresa.