The Revolutionary Tribunal in Paris opened formal proceedings against Marie Antoinette, charging the former queen with treason and conspiracy against the French Republic.

Marie Antoinette was guillotined in Paris's Place de la Révolution, nine months after her husband Louis XVI met the same fate.

The former queen of France was guillotined in Paris's Place de la Révolution, nine months after her husband Louis XVI met the same fate.

President George Washington's administration signed Eli Whitney's patent for the cotton gin, a device that transformed American agriculture and entrenched slavery for decades.

Revolutionary France formally opened the Louvre palace to the public as a museum, transforming a royal residence into a symbol of shared national heritage.