Around early 1531, exiled reformer William Tyndale continued printing English Bible translations in Antwerp, defying Henry VIII's ban and the Catholic Church's wrath.

Swiss reformer Huldrych Zwingli was killed in battle at Kappel am Albis, his body later quartered and burned by Catholic forces.

Juan Diego reported a vision of the Virgin of Guadalupe on a hill outside Mexico City, a moment that reshaped Mexican Catholic identity.

A powerful earthquake devastated Lisbon, Portugal, killing an estimated 30,000 people and destroying much of the medieval city.

A powerful earthquake struck Lisbon, killing an estimated 30,000 people and foreshadowing the far larger 1755 disaster that would devastate the city.